A large estate with recognisable building types
Birmingham and the wider West Midlands have a school estate weighted towards post-war construction, and those buildings share features that directly affect alerting design. Long corridor runs, repeated classroom blocks, and single-storey primaries spread horizontally across a site rather than stacked vertically.
Horizontal spread is the significant one. A single-storey primary covering a large footprint needs devices distributed across that footprint, because sound does not travel the length of a building through a series of closed classroom doors.
Detached and temporary classrooms are also common across the city, and they are the areas most frequently left out of a specification. A mobile classroom at the edge of a site is exactly where an indoor alert is least likely to reach.